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Celestial Shooting Gallery, Part One: The Day We Lost Quebec
John Kappenman reconstructed the electrojets which formed in the ionosphere late in the March 13, 1989 geomagnetic storm which compromised the Hydro-Quebec power grid in Canada. Concurrently, the...
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Celestial Shooting Gallery, Part Two: The Physics of Geomagnetic Storms
On August 31, 2012 a long filament of solar material that had been hovering in the sun’s atmosphere, the corona, erupted out into space at 4:36 p.m. EDT. The coronal mass ejection, or CME, traveled at...
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Celestial Shooting Gallery, Part Three: When a CME Hits the Atmosphere
A Generator Step Up (GSU) transformer failed at the Salem River Nuclear Plant during the March 1989 geomagnetic storm. The unit is depicted on the left; some of the burned 22kV primary windings are...
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The Celestial Shooting Gallery, Part Four: “You Have Nothing to Worry About...
A stability map of a simple power grid. Each point on this image represents an operating state of a simple power grid consisting of a few generators. Bluish regions constitute stable working states,...
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